8 May 2019
Heilongjiang: Market Profile
Major Economic Indicators
| Economic Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | ||
| Value | Growth (%, y-o-y) | Value | Growth (%, y-o-y) | |
| Gross Domestic Product (RMB bn) | 1,590.3 | 6.41 | 1,636.2 | 4.71 |
| Per Capita GDP (RMB) | 41,916 | 6.71 | — | — |
| Added Value Output | ||||
| Primary industry (RMB bn) | 296.5 | 5.41 | 300.1 | 3.71 |
| Secondary industry (RMB bn) | 406.1 | 2.81 | 403.1 | 2.11 |
| Tertiary industry (RMB bn) | 887.9 | 8.81 | 933.01 | 6.41 |
| Value-added Industrial Output2 (RMB bn) | — | 2.71 | — | 3.01 |
| Fixed-assets Investment (RMB bn) | — | 6.2 | — | -4.7 |
| Retail Sales (RMB bn) | 909.9 | 8.3 | — | 6.3 |
| Inflation (Consumer Price Index, %) | — | 1.3 | — | 2.0 |
| Exports (US$ mn) | 5,137 | 2.0 | 4,450 | -14.6 |
| By foreign-invested enterprises (US$ mn) | 1,450 | 172.6 | 1,110 | -23.5 |
| Imports (US$ mn) | 13,673 | 18.9 | 21,962 | 59.8 |
| By foreign-invested enterprises (US$ mn) | 1,067 | 91.5 | 922 | -13.5 |
| Utilised Foreign Direct Investment (US$ mn) | 5,836 | 0.3 | — | — |
Notes:
1 In real terms 2 For all state-owned enterprises and other forms with annual sales over RMB20 million
Sources: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2018, China Statistical Yearbook 2018, Heilongjiang Statistical Bureau, China’s Customs Statistics
General Background
Heilongjiang – abbreviated as Hei (黑) – is situated in China’s northeast corner just next to the far-east region of Russia, with an adjoining border of over 3,000 km. Heilongjiang has a total area of 454,000 sq km. Total population stood at 37.89 million in 2017. Harbin is the provincial capital and other major cities include Qiqihar, Daqing and Mudanjiang.
The province’s deposits of gold and graphite are among the largest in China. Other significant mineral and metal deposits include silver, copper, lead, aluminum, tungsten, zinc, molybdenum, crude oil, coal, wood, soda, quartz, marble and mica. The province also ranks first in the production of crude oil which is mainly found in Daqing Oilfield, the oldest and one of the largest oilfields of China.
In recent years, plans are underway to improve the infrastructure for border trade as Heilongjiang’s importance is set to be enhanced as Sino-Russian relationship and co-operation strengthen. Heilongjiang is also actively planning to play a role in the “One Belt, One Road” New Silk Road Economic Belt initiative of China.
Industries
Owing to its fertile soil and unpolluted black earth fields, with a total farmland area of 11.5 million hectares, Heilongjiang is the largest grain production base in China in 2017. Heilongjiang has 4.3 million hectares of grassland, making it an important area for animal husbandry in China. Green food industry has been developing rapidly in Heilongjiang. Major food products are milk, rice and soy bean products.
Composition of GDP (%)
| 2000 | 2017 | |
| Primary | 12.2 | 18.6 |
| Secondary | 55.0 | 25.5 |
| Industry | 49.7 | 21.0 |
| Tertiary | 32.9 | 55.8 |
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2018
In line with the central government’s policy in revitalising the Northeast old industrial bases, Heilongjiang is restructuring its four pillar industries, namely equipment manufacturing, food processing, energy and petrochemical. In 2017, the manufacturing, food processing and energy industries grew by 15.8%, 5.8% and 1.4% respectively, while the petrochemical industry dropped by 4.0%.
Tourism
Heilongjiang has abundant and unique tourist resources with clear seasonal distinction, such as Yabuli skiing site (亞布力滑雪場), Wudalianchi (五大連池), Jingpohu (鏡泊湖). The province is a renowned tourist attraction, both in summer or winter.
In 2017, the number of domestic tourists increased to 163 million (+13.4%), with tourism receipts of RMB187.7billion (+19.3%). The number of overseas tourists stood at 1.04 million (+8.5%), with the foreign exchange revenue of US$480 million (+4.7%).
Foreign Trade
Because of geographical proximity, Heilongjiang’s trade tie with Russia is strong. Border trade accounted for 16% of the province’s total trade in 2017. Trade with Russia amounted to US$11.0 billion in 2017 (+19.5%), 58.0% of the province’s total trade. The US, Brazil and Japan, were other major trading partners in 2017.
Major export goods included garments, automobiles, mechanical and electrical products, footwear, yarns, fabrics, refined oil and farm produce.
Major imports included mechanical and electrical products, logs, crude oil, paper pulp and farm produce.
Foreign Investment
Sectors that received the largest share of utilised direct foreign investments included manufacturing (40.6% of the total value) and the real estate sector (19.1%) in 2017.
In 2017, Hong Kong is Heilongjiang’s largest source of foreign investment. Hong Kong actually invested a total of US$3,990 million, accounting for 68.4% of the total utilised FDI. Other major foreign investor in 2017 included the US and Malaysia.
Consumer Market
In 2017, annual per capita disposable income of urban households was RMB27,446 (+6.6%). Major consumer markets are located in Harbin and Daqing. Heilongjiang also acts as a gateway for consumer products to enter the markets of Russia and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Composition of Per Capita Expenditure of Urban Household (%)
| 2000 | 2017 | |
| Food | 38.4 | 27.2 |
| Clothing | 13.3 | 10.0 |
| Household articles | 5.9 | 5.4 |
| Medicine & medical services | 8.9 | 10.2 |
| Transportation & communications | 7.6 | 13.3 |
| Recreation, cultural & education | 12.0 | 11.9 |
| Residence | 4.4 | 18.9 |
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2018
Major department stores and shopping centres in Heilongjiang include Heilongjiang Daqing Department Store (黑龍江大慶百貨) , Hongbo Exhibition Shopping Mall (哈爾濱紅博會展購物廣場) , Charter Shopping Center (卓展購物中心) and Wangfujing Shopping Mall (哈爾濱王府井購物中心) . Large retailers come from outside include Carrefour from France, Walmart from the US, Metro from Germany and Gome from Beijing, etc.
Economic Indicators of Major Cities (2017)
| Cities | GDP (RMB bn) | GDP Per Capita (RMB) | Retail Sales (RMB bn) | Export (RMB mn) |
| Harbin (哈爾濱) | 625.7 | 57,193 | 404.5 | 1,377 |
| Daqing (大慶) | 268.1 | 97,677 | 116.0 | 1,212 |
| Qiqihar (齊齊哈爾) | 133.4 | 26,223 | 81.5 | 89 |
| Suihua (綏化) | 133.7 | 24,965 | 47.3 | 149 |
| Mudanjiang (牡丹江) | 134.5 | 49,214 | 51.8 | 1,072 |
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2018
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