3 April 2017
Heilongjiang: Market Profile
Major Economic Indicators
| Economic Indicators | 2015 | 2016 | ||
| Value | Growth (%, y-o-y) | Value | Growth (%, y-o-y) | |
| Gross Domestic Product (RMB bn) | 1,508.4 | 5.71 | 1,538.6 | 6.11 |
| Per Capita GDP (RMB) | 39,462 | 6.01 | — | — |
| Added Value Output | ||||
| Primary industry (RMB bn) | 263.4 | 5.21 | 267.1 | 5.31 |
| Secondary industry (RMB bn) | 479.8 | 1.41 | 444.1 | 2.51 |
| Tertiary industry (RMB bn) | 765.2 | 10.41 | 827.4 | 8.61 |
| Value-added Industrial Output2 (RMB bn) | 323.0 | 0.41 | 299.4 | 2.01 |
| Fixed-assets Investment (RMB bn) | 988.4 | 3.1 | 1,043.3 | 5.5 |
| Retail Sales (RMB bn) | 764.0 | 8.9 | 840.3 | 10.0 |
| Inflation (Consumer Price Index, %) | — | 1.1 | — | 1.5 |
| Exports ((US$ mn) | 8,031 | -53.7 | 5,044 | -37.2 |
| By foreign-invested enterprises (US$ mn) | 643 | 8.9 | 532 | -17.3 |
| Imports (US$ mn) | 12,955 | -39.9 | 11,494 | -11.4 |
| By foreign-invested enterprises ((US$ mn) | 572 | -22.7 | 557 | -2.6 |
| Utilised Foreign Direct Investment ((US$ mn) | 5,449 | 7.1 | — | — |
Notes:
1 In real terms
2 For all state-owned enterprises and other forms with annual sales over RMB20 million
Sources: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2016, Heilongjiang Statistical Bureau, China’s Customs Statistics,12.2015, 12.2016
General Background
Heilongjiang – abbreviated as Hei (黑) – is situated in China’s northeast corner just next to the far-east region of Russia, with an adjoining border of over 3,000 kilometers. Heilongjiang has a total area of 454,000 sq kilometres. Total population stood at 38.12 million in 2015. Harbin is the provincial capital and other major cities include Qiqihar, Daqing and Mudanjiang.
The province’s deposits of gold and graphite are among the largest in China. Other significant mineral and metal deposits include silver, copper, lead, aluminum, tungsten, zinc, molybdenum, crude oil, coal, wood, soda, quartz, marble and mica. The province also ranks first in the production of crude oil which is mainly found in Daqing Oilfield, the oldest and one of the largest oilfields of China.
In recent years, plans are underway to improve the infrastructure for border trade as Heilongjiang’s importance is set to be enhanced as Sino-Russian relationship and co-operation strengthen. Heilongjiang is also actively planning to play a role in the “One Belt, One Road” New Silk Road Economic Belt initiative of China.
Industries
Owing to its fertile soil and unpolluted black earth fields, Heilongjiang is one of the most important grain production bases in China, with a total farmland area of 11.5 million hectares. Heilongjiang has 4.3 million hectares of grassland, making it an important area for animal husbandry in China. Green food industry has been developing rapidly in Heilongjiang. Major food products are milk, rice and soy bean products.
Composition of GDP (%)
| 2000 | 2015 | |
| Primary | 12.2 | 17.5 |
| Secondary | 55.0 | 31.8 |
| Industry | 49.7 | 26.9 |
| Tertiary | 32.9 | 50.7 |
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook, 2016
In line with the central government’s policy in revitalising the Northeast old industrial bases, Heilongjiang is restructuring its four pillar industries, namely equipment manufacturing, petrochemical, food processing and energy. The value-added industrial output of the four pillar industries amounted to RMB383.6 billion in 2014, accounting for 85% of the total value-added industrial output.
State-owned industrial enterprises still play an important role in the province’s industrial development. In 2015, 10.7% of industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang were state-owned and state-holding, but they accounted for 40.7% of the total gross industrial output value, though the share has dropped from 59.7% in 2009.
Tourism
Heilongjiang has abundant and unique tourist resources with clear seasonal distinction, such as Yabuli skiing site (亞布力滑雪場), Wudalianchi (五大連池), Jingpohu (鏡泊湖). The province is a renowned tourist attraction, both in summer or winter.
In 2015, the number of domestic tourists increased to 129 million (+22.7%), with tourism receipts of RMB133.7billion (+29.7%). The number of overseas tourists stood at 0.84 million (-41%), with the foreign exchange revenue of US$395 million (-29.8%).
Foreign Trade
Because of geographical proximity, Heilongjiang’s trade tie with Russia is strong. Border trade amounted to US$3,486 million in 2015, or 16.6% of the province’s total trade. Trade with Russia amounted to US$10.8 billion in 2015 (-53%), 51.7% of the province’s total trade. The US, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, India and Indonesia were other major trading partners in 2015.
Major export goods included garments, clothing accessories, mechanical and electrical products, footwear, yarns, fabrics, cereals and cereals flour, etc.
Major imports included mechanical and electrical products, logs, crude oil, paper pulp, plastic in primary form, and manufactured fertilisers, etc.
Foreign Investment
Sectors that received the largest share of utilised direct foreign investments included manufacturing (57.6% of the total value), the real estate sector (13.1%) and the wholesale and retail trade sector (7.2%) in 2015.
In 2015, Hong Kong is Heilongjiang’s largest source of foreign investment. Hong Kong actually invested a total of US$2,799 million, accounting for 51.4% of the total utilised FDI. Other major foreign investor in 2015 included the UK and the US.
Consumer Market
In 2015, annual per capita disposable income of urban households was RMB24,203 (+7.1%). Major consumer markets are located in Harbin and Daqing. Heilongjiang also acts as a gateway for consumer products to enter the markets of Russia and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Composition of Per Capita Expenditure of Urban Household (%)
| 2000 | 2015 | |
| Food | 38.4 | 27.7 |
| Clothing | 13.3 | 10.3 |
| Household articles | 5.9 | 5.3 |
| Medicine & medical services | 8.9 | 11.2 |
| Transportation & communications | 7.6 | 12.0 |
| Recreation, cultural & education | 12.0 | 10.8 |
| Residence | 4.4 | 19.9 |
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook, 2016
Major department stores and shopping centres in Heilongjiang include Heilongjiang Daqing Department Store, Harbin Qiulin Co. Ltd., Harbin Central Commercial City and Harbin Department Store. Large retailers come from outside include Carrefour from France, Walmart from the US, Metro from Germany and Gome from Beijing, etc.
Economic Indicators of Major Cities (2015)
| Cities | GDP (RMB bn) | GDP Per Capita (RMB) | Gross Industrial Output* (RMB bn) | Retail Sales (RMB bn) |
| Harbin (哈爾濱) | 575.1 | 59,027 | 303.4 | 339.5 |
| Daqing (大慶) | 298.4 | 110,115 | 305.2 | 103.8 |
| Qiqihar (齊齊哈爾) | 127.0 | 24,430 | 103.9 | 68.4 |
| Suihua (綏化) | 127.2 | 23,095 | 96.2 | 51.1 |
| Mudanjiang (牡丹江) | 117.9 | 44,799 | 98.0 | 50.2 |
* For all state-owned and other forms of enterprises with annual sales over RMB20 million
Source: Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook, 2016
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